Major Stock Exchanges

Stock Exchange is an organized platform that offers trading opportunities for stock traders, brokers and investors. It enables these individuals to transact in shares, stocks and other financial products.
We’re going to give you a run down of the largest stock exchanges you’ll find in American and throughout the world. Some of these exchanges have real trading floors, while others operate as a virtual stock exchange, relying heavily on sophisticated computer networks.

To be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the company must have in excess of 2,200 shareholders with an average daily trading volume of at least 100,000 shares. Generally, the company must have a total capitalization of $750 million or pretax earnings in excess of $10 million. There are several combinations, but the bottom line is that you need to be either very big or very profitable.

Unlike the floor of the NYSE, NASDAQ’s network of computers allow for extremely efficient trading – a virtual stock exchange. In October 2004, the NASDAQ surpassed the average trading volume of the NYSE for the first time with an average volume of 1.6 billion shares.

Like the NYSE, the NASDAQ has a matrix approach to its listing standards. Generally, a company must have issued around 1,000,000 shares of stock valued at $10 million or more.

The niche role of the American Stock Exchange has evolved and today it specializes in derivatives and options. On a typical day, 50 million shares exchange hands and there are around 1,700 companies listed on the Amex.

In January 2008, NYSE Euronext announced it was acquiring the American Stock Exchange for $260 million in stock. The deal was completed on October 1, 2008 and the exchange was re-branded as the NYSE Amex Equities.

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1. History of Stock exchanges
2. What are stock exchanges all about ?
3. History of Indian Stock Exchange

Pre-Independance Scenario – Establishment of Different Stock Exchanges

Post Independance Scenario
The depression witnessed after the Independance led to closure of a lot of exchanges in the country. Lahore Estock Exchange was closed down after the partition of India, and later on merged with the Delhi Stock Exchange. Bnagalore Stock Exchange Limited was registered in 1957 and got recognition only by 1963. Most of the other Exchanges were in a miserable state till 1957 when they applied for recognition under Securities Contracts (Regulations) Act, 1956. The Exchanges that were recognized under the Act were:

Many more stock exchanges were established during 1980’s, namely:

At present, there are twenty one recognized stock exchanges in India which does not include the Over The Counter Exchange of India Limited (OTCEI) and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSEIL).

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1. History of Stock exchanges
2. What are stock exchanges all about ?
3. Difference between NSE and BSE

• NSE Stands for National Stock Exchange. It has more than 2000 stocks from different sectors listed with it. It is fully automated electronic order processing exchange. Nifty is major index of NSE and it comprise of 50 scripts from different sectors. NSE official site: http://www.nseindia.com BSE Stand for Bombay Stock Exchange. It is India’s Oldest Stock Exchange with listing of over 4000 scripts with it. This not fully automated yet but progress towards full automation is underway. SENSEX is major index of BSE and it comprise of 30 scripts from different sectors. BSE official Site: http://www.bseindia.com

• Nomenclature:  NSE Stands for National Stock Exchange. It has more than 2000 stocks from different sectors listed with it. It is fully automated electronic order processing exchange. Nifty is major index of NSE and it comprise of 50 scripts from different sectors.  BSE Stand for Bombay Stock Exchange. It is India’s Oldest Stock Exchange with listing of over 4000 scripts with it. This not fully automated yet but progress towards full automation is underway. SENSEX is major index of BSE and it comprise of 30 scripts from different sectors.

• History: BSE starded its operations form 1964 onwards as base of 100. NSE started it operations 1994 and take base of 1000. NSE is follwing fully online tradings

• Regulations:  Basically NSE is government firm and BSE is private firm. NSE guideline of listed a company is very tough  rather then BSE. thats why BSE has more listed share then NSE, their management control them and SEBI  keeps eye on them. they make their profit from brokeage. No there is no risk in investing in these exchanges but they are not responsible for company in which u investing like if that company fails or closed then exchanges are not responsible.

• Liquidity: NSE is generally more liquid. Some stocks are only listed on nse or some only on bse and some on both.

If you have anymore doubts regarding it, feel free to ask here in a form of comment or you can add me in your gtalk list veer.equity@gmail.com for further assistance.

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1. Major Stock Exchanges in world
2. History of Indian Stock Exchange
3. What are stock exchanges all about ?

NIFTY

4987.70

-54.05

• Summary:

The BSE Sensex posted its worst weekly performance since end of October, after it shed 1 percent on Friday, led by losses in energy major Riance Industries and top private lender ICICI Bank

Meanwhile, the expectations of a quick action by central bank to tame inflation heightened after sources said Reserve Bank of India Governor Duvvuri Subbarao will meet Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee on Friday evening.

The Nifty closed below the psychological 5,000 mark for the first time in the last 15 sessions. The sell-off was seen across all the sectors barring pharma and auto. Realty, oil & gas, banking and FMCG were the major losers. However, Tata Motors, TCS, HCL Tech, Wipro, Sun Pharma, Ranbaxy, Hero Honda and Cipla were the only gainers. The markets were in a consolidation mode till 2 pm and traded in a tight range of 5,010-5,060.

• Reason of Today’s Trend:

The BSE Sensex closed lower on Friday as falls in Asian markets add to concerns about foreigners repatriating funds into year-end, its first weekly fall in three weeks. European regulators proposed stricter capital rules for banks.

• What to expect from here:

There is no buying conviction. Every rise is a selling opportunity now. The market has run out of steam completely. Correction may take place now.

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1. Difference between NSE and BSE
2. Major Stock Exchanges in world
3. What are stock exchanges all about ?

Your online earnings may include commissions earned by Google AdSense, commissions earned for selling products whose money is paid to your Paypal account and other online means of earning. Now for most newbies, the confusion arises about the tax treatment of such earning.

• Firstly, the online income earned (be it AdSense, or commissions paid via Paypal) is taxable in India (if you are a Indian citizen). This Income tax can be paid under the head ‘Income from Business or Profession’ or under ‘Income from other sources’. You can claim all the deductions and expenses like phone calls, computer cost, broadband service, cost of maintaining employee and all other associated expense. This will reduce your taxable Income. After all deductions if your taxable income is more than Rs 1.5 lakhs (men) or Rs 1.8 lakhs (women), then only you need to pay Income tax otherwise just file the returns. Just use any Online Income tax calculator to find the exact amount. Google AdSense Publishers are not liable to pay any Service tax.

• One more common question being, What all documents you need to maintain/show while filing taxes. Well, your bank account books (Pass books) do all the work. All the details on your bank accounts passbook prove the expenses and earnings (this obviously include AdSense earnings, paypal transactions etc). The receipts received from AdSense, documents from other source needs to be just kept safe. You may be asked to provide these documents if auditing of your account is done.

If you have not kept the copies of the received AdSense cheques or the receipts then just take printout of the statement of earning from your AdSense dashboard.

• Another issue being that of the cheques dates (should it be cash basis or actual earning date basis). As we know AdSense earnings are paid one month in arrears, that is the money you earned in month of March is paid in April. Well you can choose any among the two. Just keep a record of what you are opting at. I would suggest to go with the cheque date basis. I mean if your cheque is dated (month of March) then those earning will be included for Month of April (even if they were earned during February).

• You can file your returns online or you may consult a CA about the Income tax returns on your online earnings. If you are filing your returns (on online earnings) for first time, then I would suggest you to consult your CA about your Income tax return. He will also help you to sort out if any queries implied by Income Tax Department after filing the return.

If you have other queries about it, feel free to ask me. You can simple leave a comment here or you can add me veer.equity@gmail.com on your gtalk.

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In 12th century France the courratiers de change were concerned with managing and regulating the debts of agricultural communities on behalf of the banks.
By the early 1700s there were fully operational stock exchanges in France and England, and America followed in the later part of the century. Share exchanges became an important way for companies to raise capital for investment, while also offering investors the opportunity to share in company profits. The early days of the stock exchange experienced many scandals and share crashes, as there was little to no regulation and almost anyone was allowed to participate in the exchange.
Today, stock exchanges operate around the world, and they have become highly regulated institutions. Investors wanting to buy and sell shares must do so through a share broker, who pays to own a seat on the exchange. Companies with shares traded on an exchange are said to be ‘listed’ and they must meet specific criteria, which varies across exchanges. Most stock exchanges began as floor exchanges, where traders made deals face-to-face. The largest stock exchange in the world, the New York Stock Exchange, continues to operate this way, but most of the world’s exchanges have now become fully electronic.

Pre-Independance Scenario – Establishment of Different Stock Exchanges

Post Independance Scenario
The depression witnessed after the Independance led to closure of a lot of exchanges in the country. Lahore Estock Exchange was closed down after the partition of India, and later on merged with the Delhi Stock Exchange. Bnagalore Stock Exchange Limited was registered in 1957 and got recognition only by 1963. Most of the other Exchanges were in a miserable state till 1957 when they applied for recognition under Securities Contracts (Regulations) Act, 1956. The Exchanges that were recognized under the Act were:

Many more stock exchanges were established during 1980’s, namely:

At present, there are twenty one recognized stock exchanges in India which does not include the Over The Counter Exchange of India Limited (OTCEI) and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSEIL).

Related posts:

1. History of Indian Stock Exchange
2. Major Stock Exchanges in world
3. What are stock exchanges all about ?

The meeting comes amid speculation that the RBI could tighten monetary policy to help stem rising prices.

Food prices surged an annual 20 percent in early December, raising prospects of food imports and reinforcing views the Reserve Bank is set to tighten policy to stop a breakout of inflation in the broader economy.

Food prices are jumping because of shortages after crops were hit by the weakest monsoon rains in 37 years and then flooding in parts of the country, but the price rises come as the economy is picking up strength after a dip in late 2008 and early 2009.

Food prices are increasingly becoming a worry for the RBI, which is now trying to balance between growth and inflation. The annual rate of inflation based on monthly wholesale price index (WPI) for the month of November was up 4.78%, according to data released recently. Food prices alone have risen by around 20% in the last one year.

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2. Government okay for gas price mandatory: RIL
3. What are stock exchanges all about ?

A stock exchange is a mutual organization which provides “trading” facilities for stock brokers and traders, to trade stocks and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of securities as well as other financial instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. The securities traded on a stock exchange include: shares issued by companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it has to be listed there. Usually there is a central location at least for recordkeeping, but trade is less and less linked to such a physical place, as modern markets are electronic networks, which gives them advantages of speed and cost of transactions. Trade on an exchange is by members only. The initial offering of stocks and bonds to investors is by definition done in the primary market and subsequent trading is done in the secondary market. A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market. Supply and demand in stock markets is driven by various factors which, as in all free markets, affect the price of stocks (see stock valuation).

There is usually no compulsion to issue stock via the stock exchange itself, nor must stock be subsequently traded on the exchange. Such trading is said to be off exchange or over-the-counter. This is the usual way that derivatives and bonds are traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are part of a global market for securities.

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1. Major Stock Exchanges in world
2. History of Stock exchanges
3. History of Indian Stock Exchange

• RIL said RNRL has maintained that the May 12, 2005 draft agreement between the RIL and NTPC should be the basis for fixing the price of gas from the Krishna-Godavari Basin but has ignored the provision for government approval.

“If you go by the NTPC draft agreement which the RNRL says is the template agreement for the supply of gas then there exists a clause that the price of the gas is subject to the government approval,” RIL’s counsel Harish Salve submitted before a Bench headed by Chief Justice K G Balakrishnan.

• RNRL has been demanding the gas at $2.34 (Rs 109) per unit, the rate at which RIL had agreed to supply to the NTPC. “So RNRL’s contention is vague and absurd,” Salve said before the Bench, also comprising Justices B Sudershan Reddy and P Sathasivam.

RIL was countering the arguments of RNRL which in its submission on Wednesday claimed that it has always advocated that the dispute can be resolved by mutual discussion. Disagreeing with this, Salve said the matter can only be resolved now by the court.

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